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League of Nations
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(23)
1919
February
13
The Japanese racial equality proposal
On 13 February 1919 Nobuaki Makino proposed adding racial equality to the League of Nations Covenant. Australian and American opposition buried it.
1920
January
21
The end of the Paris Peace Conference
On 21 January 1920 the peace conference's council met for the last time with Clemenceau. Day-to-day business passed to the Conference of Ambassadors.
November
02
Roosevelt loses the vice-presidential race
On 2 November 1920 the Democrats James Cox and Franklin D. Roosevelt lost to Harding and Coolidge. The election became a verdict on Wilson's policies.
15
The creation of the Free City of Danzig
On 15 November 1920 the Free City of Danzig was proclaimed under League of Nations protection. A German city with Polish rights in its port satisfied no one.
1923
August
31
The Corfu incident
On 31 August 1923 the Italian fleet shelled Corfu and landed troops. Mussolini avenged the killing of General Tellini and defied the League of Nations.
September
27
The end of the Corfu incident
On 27 September 1923 the Italians left Corfu. A day earlier the Conference of Ambassadors awarded them 50 million lire from Greece, its guilt unproven.
1926
January
03
The Pangalos dictatorship
On 3 January 1926 General Theodoros Pangalos, Greek Prime Minister since the June 1925 coup, declared himself dictator. In April he had himself made President.
April
24
The Treaty of Berlin (1926)
On 24 April 1926 Germany and the USSR signed a treaty of friendship and neutrality. After Locarno, Berlin assured Moscow it was keeping to the Rapallo policy.
September
08
Germany joins the League of Nations
On 8 September 1926 the League of Nations Assembly admitted Germany with a permanent seat on the Council – the crowning of Stresemann’s Locarno policy.
1927
December
14
The Anglo-Iraqi treaty
On 14 December 1927 in London Britain recognised Iraq as independent and promised to back its entry to the League of Nations in 1932. Yet the mandate went on.
1931
September
19
The Japanese invasion of Manchuria begins
On 19 September 1931 the Kwantung Army took Mukden and the railway towns. Tokyo said it did not want the fighting to spread, but the army ignored it.
1932
January
07
The Stimson Doctrine
On 7 January 1932 the US told Japan and China it would not recognise any situation or agreement in Manchuria reached in breach of the Kellogg–Briand Pact.
1933
March
27
Japan leaves the League of Nations
On 27 March 1933 Japan gave notice that it was leaving the League of Nations, in retaliation for the adoption of a report that refused to recognise Manchukuo.
October
19
Germany leaves the League of Nations
On 19 October 1933 Berlin formally gave notice of leaving the League of Nations. Hitler had announced it on 14 October, also quitting disarmament talks.
1934
September
18
The USSR joins the League of Nations
On 18 September 1934 the League Assembly admitted the USSR and gave it a permanent Council seat. Moscow was betting on collective security against Hitler.
December
05
The Walwal incident
On 5 December 1934 Ethiopian soldiers and Somalis in Italian service clashed at the Walwal wells in the Ogaden. Mussolini made it a pretext for war.
1935
January
13
The Saar plebiscite
On 13 January 1935 over 90 per cent of Saar voters chose a return to Germany. On 1 March the territory rejoined the Reich as Hitler's first acquisition.
October
03
Key event
Italy attacks Ethiopia
On 3 October 1935 Mussolini's troops crossed into Ethiopia without a declaration of war. The League of Nations imposed sanctions but left out oil.
November
14
The British general election of 1935
On 14 November 1935 Baldwin's National Government won the election, pledging loyalty to the League and limited rearmament. It was the last election until 1945.
1937
December
11
Italy leaves the League of Nations
On 11 December 1937 the Fascist Grand Council decided Italy would leave the League of Nations; Mussolini announced it from a balcony. The cause was Ethiopia.
1939
May
09
Spain leaves the League of Nations
On 8 May 1939 Franco’s government decided to leave the League of Nations; Geneva recorded the notice on 9 May. Spain followed Germany, Italy and Japan.
November
30
Key event
The Soviet Union invades Finland
On 30 November 1939 the Red Army attacked Finland without a declaration of war, and Soviet aircraft bombed Helsinki. The Winter War had begun.
December
14
The USSR expelled from the League of Nations
On 14 December 1939 the League Assembly condemned the Soviet attack on Finland, and the Council declared that the USSR had placed itself outside the League.