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Chiang Kai-shek
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1927
April
12
The Shanghai massacre
On 12 April 1927 Chiang Kai-shek’s troops and Shanghai gangsters crushed the Communist workers’ militias, starting a purge that ended the alliance with the CCP.
1928
May
03
The Jinan incident
On 3 May 1928 Japanese troops clashed with Chiang Kai-shek's forces in Jinan. The Japanese took the city, and thousands of Chinese, mostly civilians, died.
1932
January
28
The Shanghai incident
On 28 January 1932 Japanese naval infantry attacked the Chinese district of Zhabei in Shanghai. Five weeks of fighting ended with an armistice on 5 May.
1934
October
16
The Long March begins
In mid-October 1934 the main forces of the Chinese Red Army crossed the river at Yudu and abandoned Jiangxi. The Long March had begun.
1936
December
12
The Xi’an incident
On 12 December 1936 Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng detained Chiang Kai-shek in Xi’an to force him to end the war with the communists and fight Japan.
1937
August
13
The Battle of Shanghai begins
On 13 August 1937 fighting broke out in Shanghai between the Chinese army and Japanese naval infantry. The war spread from northern China to its heart.
1940
May
31
The bombing of Chongqing
From 18 May 1940, in Operation 101, Japanese aircraft bombed Chongqing, China's wartime capital, day after day to break Chiang Kai-shek's will to resist.
1941
January
15
The New Fourth Army incident
In January 1941 Kuomintang troops crushed the Communist New Fourth Army’s headquarters in southern Anhui. Ye Ting was captured; the united front was dead.
August
11
Raids on Chongqing in August 1941
In August 1941 the Japanese bombed Chongqing day and night to wear the city down. On 30 August bombs fell on Chiang Kai-shek's residence.
1942
February
02
Stilwell in China
On 2 February 1942 General Joseph Stilwell was ordered to China as Chiang Kai-shek's chief of staff and commander of US forces in China, Burma and India.
April
29
The Japanese take Lashio
On 29 April 1942 the Japanese 56th Division took Lashio in Burma, the start of the Burma Road. China lost its last land link with the outside world.
1943
September
15
Chiang Kai-shek demands Stilwell's recall
On 15 September 1943 T. V. Soong put to Roosevelt a plan to remove General Stilwell. The crisis around the American in China lasted until 17 October.
October
10
Chiang Kai-shek becomes Chairman of the National Government
On 10 October 1943 in Chongqing Chiang Kai-shek was sworn in as Chairman of the National Government of China, an office now given real power.
November
22
The Cairo Conference
On 22–26 November 1943 Roosevelt, Churchill and Chiang Kai-shek met in Cairo to discuss the war with Japan and agreed to return Manchuria and Taiwan to China.
1944
April
17
Key event
Operation Ichi-Go begins
On 17 April 1944 the Japanese crossed the Yellow River in Henan. Operation Ichi-Go began – the largest land offensive ever mounted by the Japanese army.
1945
January
31
The opening of the Stilwell Road
At the end of January 1945 the Ledo Road joined the Burma Road. The first convoy from India drove into China and the land blockade of China was broken.