TheSecondWar.pl

communism

Tag

(47)

1919

January

04
- The Spartacist uprisingOn 4 January 1919 Ebert sacked Berlin's police chief. The Freikorps crushed the ensuing rising in a week; Liebknecht and Luxemburg were killed on 15 January.
31
- The Battle of George SquareOn 31 January 1919 Glasgow police broke up a rally of strikers seeking a 40-hour week. The sheriff read the Riot Act and called in troops, who came overnight.

March

02
- The founding of the CominternOn 2 March 1919 communists from many countries met in the Kremlin. On 4 March they founded the Third International to build a world republic of soviets.
21
- The proclamation of the Hungarian Soviet RepublicOn 21 March 1919 Social Democrats and Communists took power in Budapest and proclaimed the dictatorship of the proletariat. Béla Kun was its real leader.

August

01
- The fall of the Hungarian Soviet RepublicOn 1 August 1919, as the Romanians advanced on Budapest, Béla Kun's government resigned and he fled to Austria. Social Democrat Gyula Peidl took power.

1920

March

15
- The Ruhr uprisingOn 15 March 1920 workers at Wetter routed a Freikorps unit. A strike against the Kapp Putsch became an uprising, bloodily crushed in early April.

1923

January

26
- The First United Front in ChinaOn 26 January 1923 Sun Yat-sen and the Soviet envoy Adolph Joffe issued a joint statement in Shanghai, opening the way to a Kuomintang–communist alliance.

October

23
- The Hamburg uprisingOn 23 October 1923 communists in Hamburg attacked police stations. It was meant to be the “German October”; it ended in defeat after two days.

1927

April

12
- The Shanghai massacreOn 12 April 1927 Chiang Kai-shek’s troops and Shanghai gangsters crushed the Communist workers’ militias, starting a purge that ended the alliance with the CCP.

November

12
- Trotsky expelled from the partyIn November 1927, after opposition marches on the revolution's 10th anniversary, Trotsky and Zinoviev were expelled. Stalin had won the fight to succeed Lenin.

1928

May

28
- The founding of the Chinese Red ArmyIn spring 1928 the forces of Zhu De and Mao Zedong joined up in the Jinggang Mountains, and the CCP leadership decided to call its troops the Red Army.

October

01
- The first Five-Year PlanOn 1 October 1928 the first Five-Year Plan began. Stalin built heavy and arms industry at the expense of the countryside, and collectivisation led to famine.

1933

February

27
- The Reichstag fireOn 27 February 1933 the Reichstag chamber burned. Dutchman Marinus van der Lubbe was arrested, and the Nazis declared it the signal for a Communist uprising.

1936

November

25
- The Anti-Comintern PactOn 25 November 1936 Germany and Japan signed an agreement against the Comintern in Berlin. A secret protocol aimed at the USSR did not bind them to a joint war.

1940

August

20
- The Hundred Regiments OffensiveOn 20 August 1940 the communist Eighth Route Army struck Japanese railways, bridges, mines and posts in northern China. Peng Dehuai was in command.

October

04
- The Battle of HuangqiaoOn 4 October 1940 in central Jiangsu, Han Deqin's Kuomintang troops attacked the communist New Fourth Army at Huangqiao. Within three days they were routed.

1941

January

15
- The New Fourth Army incidentIn January 1941 Kuomintang troops crushed the Communist New Fourth Army’s headquarters in southern Anhui. Ye Ting was captured; the united front was dead.

May

September

27
- The founding of EAMOn 27 September 1941 in Athens the communists and three small left-wing parties founded the National Liberation Front (EAM), the core of the Greek resistance.

October

20
- The assassination of Karl HotzOn 20 October 1941 communists shot Lieutenant Colonel Karl Hotz in Nantes. Two days later the Germans executed 48 hostages, 27 of them at Châteaubriant.

1942

June

07
- The first action of ELASOn 7 June 1942, in the village of Domnista in Evrytania, Aris Velouchiotis and a dozen partisans announced the start of ELAS's fight against Greece's occupiers.

1943

March

12
- The liberation of KarditsaOn 12 March 1943 the Italian garrison left Karditsa in Thessaly and ELAS partisans entered. Greeks call it the first free town in Europe.

July

05
- The National Bands Agreement in GreeceOn 5 July 1943 ELAS joined an agreement with the British Military Mission that placed the Greek guerrillas under a joint headquarters.

September

27
- The execution of Mao ZeminLate on 27 September 1943 in Ürümqi, on Sheng Shicai's orders, Mao Zemin, Mao Zedong's brother, and the communists Chen Tanqiu and Lin Jilu were killed.

October

29
- The London dock strikeWar chronologies record that on 29 October 1943 troops replaced striking London dockers. Sources do not confirm this, but strikes were rising that autumn.

November

December

04
- Tito proclaims a provisional governmentIn early December 1943 the world learned of Tito's government set up at Jajce. The royal government protested, while the British turned away from Mihailović.

1944

March

April

21
- The second Badoglio governmentIn April 1944 Badoglio resigned and formed a government of national unity in Salerno with the anti-fascist parties, including Togliatti's Communists.

August

September

October

12
- The liberation of AthensOn 12 October 1944 the Germans left Athens and EAM and ELAS took the streets; the British arrived on 14 October and Papandreou's government on 18 October.

November

17
- The liberation of TiranaOn 17 November 1944, after nearly three weeks of fighting, the last German units left Tirana, which was taken over by Enver Hoxha's communist partisans.

December

1945

January

August

19
- The August Revolution in HanoiOn 19 August 1945, after a mass rally in Hanoi, the Việt Minh took the city without a fight. The Japanese stood aside as Bảo Đại’s government collapsed.
- Communist–Nationalist clashes in ChinaIn August 1945 the Kuomintang and the Communists raced to accept the Japanese surrender. At the end of the month the first clashes broke out in Shanxi.

September

02
- The Vietnamese Declaration of IndependenceOn 2 September 1945, in Ba Đình Square in Hanoi, Hồ Chí Minh proclaimed the independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, quoting the US Declaration.