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Pius XII
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(04)
1939
October
20
The encyclical Summi Pontificatus
On 20 October 1939 Pius XII signed his first encyclical. It condemned racism and the deified state and mourned Poland, but named neither Germany nor the USSR.
1943
July
19
The first bombing of Rome
On 19 July 1943 US bombers struck Rome’s railway yards and airfields. Some 1,500–3,000 people died, while at Feltre Mussolini stayed silent before Hitler.
November
05
Bombs on the Vatican
On 5 November 1943 a lone aircraft bombed the Vatican, wrecking the mosaic workshop. The culprit is unknown; RSI Fascists are most often blamed.
1944
March
01
The second bombing of the Vatican
On 1 March 1944 six small bombs fell just outside the Vatican wall, killing a workman and damaging the Holy Office. The British privately admitted a mistake.