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reparations
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(08)
1923
January
11
The occupation of the Ruhr
On 11 January 1923 French and Belgian troops marched into the Ruhr to force Germany to pay reparations. Berlin responded with passive resistance.
June
14
Hyperinflation in Germany
On 14 June 1923 the dollar in Berlin passed 100,000 marks for the first time. By autumn it cost trillions, and German savings had been wiped out.
1924
August
16
The adoption of the Dawes Plan
On 16 August 1924 the Dawes Plan was adopted in London. It put German reparations into instalments, gave Germany a loan and opened the way out of the Ruhr.
18
The French withdrawal begins
On 18 August 1924, two days after the London Conference, the French left Offenburg and Appenweier in Baden. They evacuated the Ruhr gradually, by August 1925.
1929
August
31
The Young Plan
On 31 August 1929 the Young Plan was adopted at The Hague. Reparations ran until 1988, and the Allies promised to leave the Rhineland by 30 June 1930.
1944
September
19
The Moscow Armistice
On 19 September 1944 Finland signed an armistice with the USSR and Britain in Moscow. It returned to the 1940 border, ceded Petsamo and accepted reparations.
1945
August
02
Key event
The end of the Potsdam Conference
On the night of 1–2 August 1945 Truman, Stalin and Attlee signed at Potsdam a protocol and communiqué on Germany, reparations and the Oder–Neisse frontier.
16
The Polish–Soviet border agreement
On 16 August 1945 Poland’s Provisional Government and the USSR signed a Curzon Line border deal, leaving Lwów and Wilno in the USSR, and a reparations pact.