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Spanish Civil War
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(08)
1936
July
18
Key event
The outbreak of the Spanish Civil War
On 17–18 July 1936 generals rose against the Republic. The coup succeeded in Morocco and parts of Spain but failed in Madrid and Barcelona. Spain split in two.
November
15
The Condor Legion goes into action
In November 1936 Hitler sent Hugo Sperrle's Condor Legion to Spain. By the middle of the month its aircraft were already fighting over besieged Madrid.
December
23
Italian troops land at Cádiz
On 23 December 1936 about 3,000 Italian Blackshirts came ashore at Cádiz, the first wave of a corps soon named the Corpo Truppe Volontarie.
1937
February
21
The ban on volunteers for Spain
On the night of 20–21 February 1937 a ban on volunteers for Spain, agreed by the Non-Intervention Committee in London, came into force. No one enforced it.
April
26
The bombing of Guernica
On 26 April 1937 aircraft of the Condor Legion and the Italian air force bombed the Basque town of Guernica. Most researchers put the dead at 150–300.
May
07
Condor Legion fighters in Spain
In the spring of 1937 the Condor Legion’s fighter group brought the Messerschmitt Bf 109 into combat in Spain, and its pilots developed new air-combat tactics.
June
21
The fall of Léon Blum's government
On 21 June 1937 Léon Blum resigned when the Senate refused him emergency financial powers. A year of Popular Front government in France was over.
1939
April
01
The end of the Spanish Civil War
On 1 April 1939 Franco announced in his last communiqué that the war was over. Casado's coup had sunk the Republic, and the victors began their reckoning.