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Francisco Franco
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1934
October
05
The Spanish revolution of 1934
On 5 October 1934 the Socialists called a general strike against CEDA joining the government. Asturian miners took up arms; Catalonia proclaimed a state.
1936
July
18
Key event
The outbreak of the Spanish Civil War
On 17–18 July 1936 generals rose against the Republic. The coup succeeded in Morocco and parts of Spain but failed in Madrid and Barcelona. Spain split in two.
1939
April
01
The end of the Spanish Civil War
On 1 April 1939 Franco announced in his last communiqué that the war was over. Casado's coup had sunk the Republic, and the victors began their reckoning.
May
09
Spain leaves the League of Nations
On 8 May 1939 Franco’s government decided to leave the League of Nations; Geneva recorded the notice on 9 May. Spain followed Germany, Italy and Japan.
September
04
More countries declare neutrality
In early September 1939 Switzerland, Ireland, the Netherlands, Belgium, Spain, Lithuania, Iran, Yugoslavia, Argentina, Brazil and Mexico declared neutrality.
1940
October
23
The meeting at Hendaye
On 23 October 1940 Hitler and Franco discussed Spain’s entry into the war at Hendaye. Hitler did not promise him France’s colonies; a vague protocol followed.
December
08
Franco refuses to enter the war
On 7 December 1940 Franco told Canaris that Spain could not enter the war on 10 January. Hitler called off Operation Felix, the attack on Gibraltar.
1941
August
20
The Blue Division
On 20 August 1941 Spain’s Blue Division, the Wehrmacht’s 250th Infantry Division, left Grafenwöhr in Bavaria by rail for the Eastern Front.
1945
April
12
Spain breaks off relations with Japan
In April 1945 Franco's Spain broke off relations with Japan, citing the murder of Spaniards in Manila. It hoped to win the Allies' favour.