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Manchuria
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(09)
1905
September
05
The Treaty of Portsmouth
On 5 September 1905 Russia and Japan made peace at Portsmouth. Japan won a free hand in Korea, Port Arthur, a South Manchurian railway and half of Sakhalin.
1928
June
04
The assassination of Zhang Zuolin
On 4 June 1928 Kwantung Army officers blew up Zhang Zuolin's train near Mukden. The ruler of Manchuria died, and his son went over to the Nanjing government.
1931
September
18
Key event
The Mukden incident
On 18 September 1931 Kwantung Army officers blew up a stretch of railway near Mukden, blamed the Chinese and that same night attacked the Chinese barracks.
19
The Japanese invasion of Manchuria begins
On 19 September 1931 the Kwantung Army took Mukden and the railway towns. Tokyo said it did not want the fighting to spread, but the army ignored it.
1932
January
07
The Stimson Doctrine
On 7 January 1932 the US told Japan and China it would not recognise any situation or agreement in Manchuria reached in breach of the Kellogg–Briand Pact.
February
27
The end of the fighting in Manchuria
By late February 1932 the Kwantung Army held every major city in Manchuria. Regular Chinese resistance had collapsed, but a guerrilla war was just beginning.
1945
August
08
Key event
The USSR declares war on Japan
On 8 August 1945 Molotov handed Japan's ambassador a declaration of war. A few hours later, on 9 August local time, the Red Army entered Manchuria.
14
The Sino-Soviet treaty
On 14 August 1945 in Moscow China and the USSR concluded a treaty of friendship and alliance that put into effect the Yalta concessions at China's expense.
22
The surrender of the Kwantung Army
By 22 August 1945 the Kwantung Army had surrendered to the Red Army; the Soviets took Manchuria down to Port Arthur and sent over 500,000 POWs to the USSR.