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Nazi Party
Tag
(28)
1919
September
12
Key event
Hitler at a German Workers' Party meeting
On 12 September 1919 Gefreiter Adolf Hitler, sent by Reichswehr propagandists, attended a meeting of Munich's tiny DAP. He soon joined it.
1920
February
24
The founding of the NSDAP
On 24 February 1920 in Munich's Hofbräuhaus Hitler read out the 25-point programme, and the DAP took the name National Socialist German Workers' Party.
1921
October
05
The founding of the SA
On 5 October 1921 the NSDAP's “gymnastics and sports section” took the name Sturmabteilung (SA). A squad guarding meetings grew into the brownshirt army.
1923
November
08
Key event
The Beer Hall Putsch
On 8 November 1923 Hitler proclaimed a “national revolution” in the Bürgerbräukeller. Next day Bavarian police broke up the putschists' march.
1924
April
01
Hitler sentenced
On 1 April 1924 a Munich court gave Hitler five years’ fortress confinement for the putsch, the minimum. Ludendorff was acquitted; Hitler was out by December.
1925
April
04
The founding of the SS
On 4 April 1925 an eight-man guard for Hitler was formed in Munich. That autumn it became the Schutzstaffel (SS); under Himmler, an apparatus of terror.
July
18
The publication of Mein Kampf
On 18 July 1925 the first volume of Mein Kampf, written by Hitler in prison, appeared. In it he announced a war for living space and a fight against the Jews.
1929
August
31
The Young Plan
On 31 August 1929 the Young Plan was adopted at The Hague. Reparations ran until 1988, and the Allies promised to leave the Rhineland by 30 June 1930.
1930
September
14
Key event
The Reichstag election of 1930
On 14 September 1930 the NSDAP won 18.3 per cent and 107 seats. Hitler’s party leapt from the fringe to second place, and the republic lost its majority.
1932
April
10
Hindenburg re-elected
On 10 April 1932 Paul von Hindenburg won the run-off with 53 per cent of the vote. Hitler took almost 37 per cent; the president owed his victory to the left.
May
30
The fall of Brüning
On 30 May 1932 Brüning resigned when Hindenburg refused him further decrees. Papen became chancellor at Schleicher's wish, and the Nazis got new elections.
August
30
Göring becomes President of the Reichstag
On 30 August 1932 the new Reichstag elected Hermann Göring its president. The NSDAP, the largest party, took the third office of state with Centre Party votes.
November
21
The Hindenburg–Hitler talks
On 21 November 1932 Hindenburg told Hitler to build a Reichstag majority. Hitler demanded a presidential chancellor's powers and was refused on 24 November.
December
03
Schleicher becomes chancellor
On 3 December 1932 Hindenburg made General Kurt von Schleicher chancellor. He hoped to split the NSDAP and win the unions, but lasted under two months.
1933
January
30
Key event
Hitler becomes chancellor
On 30 January 1933 Hindenburg made Hitler Reich Chancellor. Papen's conservatives believed they could “fence him in”. Within months he built a dictatorship.
February
27
The Reichstag fire
On 27 February 1933 the Reichstag chamber burned. Dutchman Marinus van der Lubbe was arrested, and the Nazis declared it the signal for a Communist uprising.
March
23
Key event
The Enabling Act
On 23 March 1933 the Reichstag voted 444 to 94 to let Hitler’s government pass laws bypassing parliament and the constitution. Only the SPD opposed it.
April
01
The boycott of Jewish businesses
On 1 April 1933 SA men took up posts outside Jewish shops across Germany. It was the Nazi state's first nationwide action against the Jews.
May
02
The abolition of the trade unions in Germany
On 2 May 1933 the SA, SS and Nazi factory cells seized the offices of the free trade unions and arrested their leaders. The unions were absorbed by the DAF.
June
21
The banning of parties in Germany
In June 1933 the SA began the Köpenick week of blood, the SPD was banned on 22 June, and by 5 July every other party had dissolved. Only the NSDAP remained.
July
14
The NSDAP becomes the only party
On 14 July 1933 Hitler’s government passed a law declaring the NSDAP the only party in Germany. The same day it adopted a law on compulsory sterilisation.
1934
July
20
The SS independent of the SA
On 20 July 1934 Hitler rewarded the SS for the Night of the Long Knives by freeing it from the SA. It became an independent NSDAP body answerable only to him.
25
The July Putsch in Austria
On 25 July 1934 Austrian SS men stormed the Chancellery in Vienna and shot Dollfuss. The putsch failed, and Mussolini sent troops to the Brenner.
1936
December
01
The Hitler Youth Law
On 1 December 1936 a law made the Hitler Youth the state organisation for all German youth. Compulsory service for boys and girls followed in 1939.
1939
November
08
Elser’s assassination attempt
On 8 November 1939 a bomb built by the carpenter Georg Elser exploded in Munich’s Bürgerbräukeller. Hitler had left 13 minutes earlier. Eight people died.
1942
April
26
The last session of the Reichstag
On 26 April 1942 the Reichstag met for the last time. By acclamation it declared that Hitler was not bound by law and could remove anyone, judges included.
1944
October
18
The Volkssturm
On 18 October 1944 at Bartenstein in East Prussia Himmler announced the creation of the Volkssturm – a levy en masse of men aged 16 to 60.
1945
May
02
The breakout from the bunker
On the night of 1–2 May 1945 the occupants of Hitler's bunker tried to break out of Berlin. Krebs and Burgdorf shot themselves; Bormann died while fleeing.