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Central and Eastern Europe

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(28)

1918

November

13
- The Hungarian–Romanian War beginsOn 13 November 1918 Hungary signed an Allied military convention in Belgrade as Romanian patrols crossed the Carpathians. The fight for Transylvania began.

December

27
- The Greater Poland Uprising beginsOn 27 December 1918, a day after Paderewski arrived, shots rang out by the Hotel Bazar in Poznań. By night Poles held the station, post office and some forts.

1919

February

14
- Key eventThe Polish–Soviet War beginsOn 14 February 1919 Polish troops clashed with the Red Army at Mosty on the Neman and at Bereza Kartuska. A war began that would last until the autumn of 1920.

August

03
- The Romanians enter BudapestOn 3 August 1919 General Rusescu’s Romanian cavalry rode into Budapest, followed by the main force on 4 August. The Hungarian–Romanian War was over.

1920

October

09
- Żeligowski's mutinyOn 9 October 1920 General Żeligowski's division, staging a mutiny on Piłsudski's orders, took Wilno. The dispute split Poland and Lithuania until 1938.

1921

March

07
- The Kronstadt rebellionOn 7 March 1921 the Red Army began its assault on Kronstadt, whose sailors demanded free soviets without the Bolsheviks. The revolt was crushed on 18 March.

1922

October

25
- The end of the Russian Civil WarOn 25 October 1922 the Japanese left Vladivostok and the Far Eastern Republic’s army marched in. The last White bastion fell and the civil war was over.

1939

March

1940

December

18
- Key eventDirective No. 21: Operation BarbarossaOn 18 December 1940 Hitler signed Directive No. 21, Barbarossa: by 15 May 1941 the Wehrmacht was to be ready to crush the USSR in a rapid campaign.

1942

May

27
- Key eventThe assassination of HeydrichOn 27 May 1942 in Prague the Czechoslovak parachutists Gabčík and Kubiš gravely wounded Reinhard Heydrich. He died on 4 June; the Germans answered with terror.

June

1944

March

April

June

02
- Operation FranticOn 2 June 1944 American bombers from Italy struck Debrecen and landed in Ukraine, beginning shuttle-bombing missions through bases in the USSR.

August

29
- Key eventThe Slovak National UprisingOn 29 August 1944, as the Wehrmacht entered Slovakia, Lt Col Ján Golian signalled a rising against the Germans and Tiso. Its centre was Banská Bystrica.

October

15
- Key eventThe Arrow Cross coup in HungaryOn 15 October 1944 Horthy broadcast a request for an armistice with the USSR. The Germans abducted his son, forced his abdication and installed Szálasi.

1945

February

14
- The bombing of PragueOn 14 February 1945 B-17s bound for Dresden bombed Prague by navigational error. 701 people died and the Emmaus Monastery was among the buildings destroyed.

March

29
- The Deutsch Schützen massacreOn 29 March 1945 at Deutsch Schützen in Burgenland the SS shot at least 57 Hungarian Jews – forced labourers building fortifications.

April

04
- The capture of BratislavaOn 4 April 1945 troops of the 2nd Ukrainian Front took Bratislava. Tiso's government had already fled to Austria; the Slovak State ceased to exist.

May