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Joseph Goebbels
Person page: Joseph Goebbels →
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(21)
1933
March
24
“Judea Declares War on Germany”
On 24 March 1933 the Daily Express announced on its front page that “Judea Declares War on Germany”. The boycott headline became fuel for Nazi propaganda.
April
01
The boycott of Jewish businesses
On 1 April 1933 SA men took up posts outside Jewish shops across Germany. It was the Nazi state's first nationwide action against the Jews.
1936
August
01
The Berlin Olympics
On 1 August 1936 Hitler opened the Games of the XI Olympiad in Berlin. The regime staged a huge propaganda spectacle, and Jesse Owens won four gold medals.
1938
November
09
Key event
Kristallnacht
On 9–10 November 1938 the Nazis burned synagogues across the Reich, wrecked thousands of shops, killed hundreds of Jews and sent 30,000 men to camps.
1939
September
03
Bloody Sunday in Bydgoszcz
On 3 September 1939 shooting broke out in Bydgoszcz amid retreating troops. Several hundred Germans died, and propaganda turned it into “Bloody Sunday”.
26
The first German aircraft shot down by the British
On 26 September 1939 a Skua from Ark Royal shot down a Do 18 flying boat over the North Sea. Germany later falsely announced that the carrier had been sunk.
December
31
Goebbels’s New Year speech
On 31 December 1939 Joseph Goebbels gave the Third Reich’s version of 1939 on the radio. He passed over the pact with Stalin and warned that 1940 would be hard.
1940
September
24
A major RAF raid on Berlin
On the night of 23/24 September 1940 over a hundred British bombers attacked Berlin for hours. It was the largest raid yet on the capital of the Reich.
1941
July
19
V for Victory
At midnight on 19/20 July 1941 the BBC broadcast Churchill's message on the V sign. The letter, Beethoven's Fifth and his gesture became Allied symbols.
December
24
The fur collection drive
On Christmas Eve 1941 the Germans ordered Jews in the General Government to hand over all furs for troops on the Eastern Front. Hiding a fur meant death.
1942
March
26
The star on the doors of Jewish homes
In spring 1942 the Gestapo ordered Jews in the Reich to mark their front doors with a paper Star of David. In Berlin the order applied from 26 March 1942.
April
24
RAF raids on Rostock
Over four nights from 23/24 to 26/27 April 1942 Bomber Command burned out most of old Rostock and struck the Heinkel works. More than 200 people died.
September
30
Hitler's Sportpalast speech of 1942
On 30 September 1942 Hitler opened the Winter Relief drive at the Sportpalast, vowing Stalingrad would fall and threatening that the Jews would “stop laughing”.
1943
January
28
Compulsory labour in the Reich
Sauckel's decree of 27 January 1943 required German men aged 16–65 and women aged 17–45 to register for work in the defence of the Reich.
February
02
Key event
The end of the Battle of Stalingrad
On 2 February 1943 General Strecker's northern pocket surrendered and the Battle of Stalingrad ended. A day later the Reich announced the Sixth Army's defeat.
18
Key event
Goebbels’s “total war” speech
On 18 February 1943 Goebbels asked a hand-picked crowd in Berlin’s Sportpalast: “Do you want total war?” The speech became a symbol of Nazi propaganda.
June
24
The raid on Elberfeld and the evacuation of the Ruhr
On the night of 24–25 June 1943 the RAF destroyed Elberfeld, western Wuppertal, killing about 1,900. Women and children were moved out of Ruhr cities.
September
03
The evacuation of Berlin
After Hamburg, Goebbels urged Berliners without work in the city to leave. After raids around the turn of August and September the evacuation was accelerated.
November
27
Raids on Berlin in November 1943
Three great RAF night raids on 22–27 November 1943 devastated Berlin. The Memorial Church and the opera burned and several thousand people were killed.
1945
April
30
Key event
Hitler's suicide
On 30 April 1945 Hitler and Eva Braun, whom he had married the day before, killed themselves in the bunker beneath the Reich Chancellery in encircled Berlin.
May
01
The death of the Goebbels family
On 1 May 1945 Joseph and Magda Goebbels poisoned their six children in the bunker beneath the Reich Chancellery and then took their own lives.